The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine has revealed disturbing evidence of widespread violations of international law by Russian forces during their invasion of Ukraine. The Commission’s report highlights systematic war crimes, including the killing of surrendering soldiers, torture, and enforced disappearances, which amount to crimes against humanity.
Killing or Wounding Captured or Surrendering Soldiers
The report documents the killing or wounding of over 196 Ukrainian soldiers by Russian forces, many of whom were captured, wounded, or attempting to surrender. In 32 incidents between 2022 and 2025, 101 Ukrainian soldiers were killed or injured while surrendering or already in captivity. The frequency of such incidents has sharply increased since late 2023, with a notable rise in 2024.
Enforced Disappearances and Torture
Russian forces also systematically detained civilians, including local authorities, journalists, and opposition figures, subjecting them to enforced disappearances and torture. Many victims were transferred to Russian-occupied areas or deported to Russia, where they endured prolonged abuse. The Commission recorded numerous cases of torture, including sexual violence, perpetrated by the Federal Security Service (FSB) during interrogations.
Civilian Casualties
As of 24 February 2024, the ongoing conflict has resulted in over 12,654 civilian deaths and more than 29,392 injuries, according to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The human cost of the war continues to escalate, with civilians bearing the brunt of the violence.
The Toll on Victims and Families
The psychological and physical toll on victims and their families has been devastating. Thousands remain missing, and many families face prolonged uncertainty and anguish. The Commission stresses the urgent need for justice and accountability for these violations.
Conclusion
The report underscores the severity of Russian war crimes, including the killing of captured soldiers, torture, and enforced disappearances. The international community must act to hold those responsible accountable and ensure these atrocities are never repeated.